沈陽機械加工廠家為您講解機械加工中設計加工步驟和加工機床的選用

機械加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是一種用加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)外形尺寸或性能進(jin)行改變的(de)過(guo)程。按(an)被(bei)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)處于的(de)溫(wen)度狀態﹐分(fen)為冷加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和熱加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。一般在(zai)常溫(wen)下加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),并且不引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)化(hua)學或物(wu)(wu)相變化(hua)﹐稱(cheng)冷加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。一般在(zai)高于或低(di)于常溫(wen)狀態的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)﹐會(hui)引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)化(hua)學或物(wu)(wu)相變化(hua)﹐稱(cheng)熱加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。冷加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)按(an)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方式的(de)差(cha)別可分(fen)為切削加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和壓力加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

1.設計(ji)步驟及要(yao)求:

⑴生產類型大批;⑵對(dui)零件進(jin)行工(gong)(gong)藝分析〔采用新國標〕;⑶確(que)定毛坯的(de)(de)種類、形狀、尺寸和(he)精度(du);⑷擬定工(gong)(gong)藝路線。這是制(zhi)定工(gong)(gong)藝規程(cheng)的(de)(de)關鍵一(yi)步(bu),其主(zhu)要工(gong)(gong)作是:選擇定位基準,確(que)定各(ge)表面的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法,安排加(jia)工(gong)(gong)順(shun)序,確(que)定工(gong)(gong)序集中(zhong)與分散的(de)(de)程(cheng)度(du),以及(ji)安排熱處理、檢(jian)驗及(ji)其它輔助工(gong)(gong)序。在擬定工(gong)(gong)藝路線時,一(yi)般是提出(chu)幾個可能的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)案,進(jin)行分析比(bi)較(jiao),確(que)定一(yi)個佳(jia)的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)案;⑸確(que)定工(gong)(gong)序所采用的(de)(de)設備。

2.選(xuan)擇機械加(jia)工機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)時(shi),應(ying)(ying)注(zhu)意以下幾個基本原(yuan)則:①機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)加(jia)工尺(chi)寸(cun)范圍應(ying)(ying)與工件(jian)的(de)(de)外(wai)形尺(chi)寸(cun)相適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)。②機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)精度(du)應(ying)(ying)與工序要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)精度(du)相適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)。③機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)生產(chan)率應(ying)(ying)與工件(jian)的(de)(de)生產(chan)類型相適(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)。如果(guo)工件(jian)尺(chi)寸(cun)太大、精度(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)過高,沒有適(shi)(shi)當的(de)(de)設備可供選(xuan)擇時(shi),應(ying)(ying)考(kao)慮機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)改(gai)裝或設計(ji)專用機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)。這時(shi)需要(yao)(yao)根據(ju)具體工序提出機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)改(gai)裝(或設計(ji))任務(wu)書(shu),任務(wu)書(shu)中應(ying)(ying)提出與工序加(jia)工有關的(de)(de)必要(yao)(yao)數據(ju)、資料。例如:工序尺(chi)寸(cun)、工序公差及技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)、工件(jian)的(de)(de)定位(wei)、夾(jia)壓(ya)方式(shi),以及機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)總體布局、機床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)的(de)(de)生產(chan)率等;⑹確定各工序所采用的(de)(de)工藝(yi)裝備。

3.選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)機械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝裝備時應(ying)注意以下幾(ji)點原(yuan)則(ze)(ze):①對(dui)夾具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)。②對(dui)刀具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):一般情況下應(ying)盡量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)標準刀具(ju)(ju)。在(zai)組合(he)機床上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時,按(an)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)集(ji)中原(yuan)則(ze)(ze)組織生(sheng)產(chan),可采(cai)用(yong)專用(yong)的(de)(de)復(fu)合(he)刀具(ju)(ju)。③對(dui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)的(de)(de)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze):量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)具(ju)(ju)主要(yao)是(shi)根據生(sheng)產(chan)類型(xing)和所要(yao)求檢(jian)(jian)驗的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)來選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)。單(dan)件(jian)小批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)中應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)通(tong)用(yong)夾具(ju)(ju),大批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)生(sheng)產(chan)中,應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)極(ji)限量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)規、高(gao)生(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)驗夾具(ju)(ju)和檢(jian)(jian)驗儀(yi)器(qi)等;⑺確定(ding)各工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),計(ji)算工(gong)(gong)序(xu)尺寸(cun)及(ji)公差(cha);⑻確定(ding)各工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)切削用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。但對(dui)于大批(pi)(pi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)流水線(xian)生(sheng)產(chan),尤(you)其是(shi)自動線(xian)生(sheng)產(chan),則(ze)(ze)各工(gong)(gong)序(xu)、工(gong)(gong)步(bu)都需要(yao)規定(ding)切削用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),以便(bian)計(ji)算各工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)節拍。⑼確定(ding)時間定(ding)額;⑽填(tian)寫工(gong)(gong)藝文件(jian)。

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